Introduction

From 06 to 09 of December the World Family Organization and the Chinese Government in partnership with the United Nations will hold the World Family Summit in Sanya, Hainan Province, China. The main purpose of the World Family Summit is to promote the Family’s contribution to the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals following a multi-stakeholder approach and a better and common understanding of the MDGs and the role of Family in contributing to their implementation through an enhanced learning, dialogue and action process.

In order to prepare WFO members and participants in general, to the discussions and the outcome recomendations, the background papers positions based on the work of the Millennium Project is available for consultation and download as well as comments to the Millennium Project Task Forces as well as to WFO.

The Millennium Project is the independent advisory body to United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan that is commissioned with recommending, by June 2005, operational strategies for meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This includes reviewing current innovative practices, prioritizing policy reforms, identifying frameworks for policy implementation, and evaluating financing options. The Project’s ultimate objective is to help ensure that all developing countries meet the MDGs.

As a United Nations-sponsored initiative, the Millennium Project proceeds under the overall guidance of the Secretary-General and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Administrator Mark Malloch Brown in his capacity as chair of the United Nations Development Group (UNDG). Professor Jeffrey Sachs directs the Project, which brings together the expertise of world-class scholars in both developed and developing countries, United Nations agencies, and public, non-governmental, and private-sector institutions. Ten Task Forces carry out the bulk of the Millennium Project’s analytical work with support from a small secretariat based at UNDP headquarters in New York.

Additional information on the Millennium Project is available on its website at
www.unmillenniumproject.org

MDG 1 - Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
.

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION...………………………………………...……….…….1

CHAPTER II – DIAGNOSIS OF POVERTY, GROWTH AND POVERTY
REDUCTION……………………………………………………………………...............….5

1. Defining Poverty and Its Locations…………………………………….………….5

2. The Nature of Poverty Reduction……………………………………….………..16

CHAPTER III – POLICY CLUSTERS FOR OVERCOMING POVERTY
TRAPS……………………………………………………………………….........….......…..34

1. Increased public investments in basic human needs………….…………34

2. Increased emphasis on human rights for women and other
excluded groups, with a special focus on the critical role women
will play in achieving the MDG…………………………………..………….…….…...34

3. Promotion of rural development through small farm productivity
in marginal agricultural lands……………………………….…………......…........35

4. Promotion of competitive urban business environments……………….36

5. Increased focus on rural environmental management……………………36

6. Increased focus on urban environmental management…………...…..36

7. Additional points to help guide policymakers across the six clusters………37

CHAPTER IV – OPERATIONALIZING THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT
COMPACT: AN ENHANCED STRATEGY FOR MEETING THE MDGs……........…44

1. Country-level Processes to roll-out National MDG Strategies……………...45
2. International Processes to Support National MDG Strategies……………...53

CHAPTER V – Applying the Enhanced MDG Strategy in Tanzania………………71

1. Tanzania’s current MDG situation………………………………………............…...71
2. Current Policy Responses………………………………………...............……………..77
3. Basic Strategy for Achieving the MDGs in Tanzania……….....………………..80
4. Social Outlays and Infrastructure Investments Needed to Achieve
the MDGs…….….….….….….…....……………………………………………………………………86
5. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...................…...86

Bibliography………………………………………………………………................…………….88

Annex 1: Targeted Income, Safety Nets and Other Support for
Vulnerable Groups ….......………………………………………………………………………...94
Annex 2: Youth Employment Strategies………………………………………….…...99

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface .................................................................................................. 9

Executive Summar ...................................................................................11

1 Halving Hunger by 2015 is possible .......................................................... 26

2 The Human and Economic Costs of Hunger ............................................... 33

3 The Faces of Hunger ........................................................................... 42

4 The African Hunger Hotspots ................................................................. 69

5 Strategies and Actions for Alleviating Hunger ............................................ 82

6 Creating the political actions for hunger alleviation ..................................... 89

7 Align critical policies to support hunger alleviation objectives ....................... 103

8 Improve nutrition of mothers and children ................................................ 128

9 Improve markets to benefit poor consumers and food producers .................. 146

10 Raise the productivity of smallholder farmers in more- and less-favored lands 163

11 Early Actions for Africa ....................................................................... 189

12 Work plan for 2004 ............................................................................ 196

Annex 1: Major International Anti-Hunger Initiatives ..................................... 202
Annex 2: Measuring Hunger....................................................................... 209

Bibliography............................................................................................ 212

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